区块链词汇大全－基本概念
<div id="3a1161d4fce5ca04f1" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "PingFang SC", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Microsoft Yahei", sans-serif;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"><br></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="3a1161d4fce5ca04f1" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="3a1161d4fce5ca04f1" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">1.1区块链定义</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="17c161d4fce5ca0ca2" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="17c161d4fce5ca0ca2" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="17c161d4fce5ca0ca2" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">区块链/Blockchain</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="32d161d4fce5ca1113" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="32d161d4fce5ca1113" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="32d161d4fce5ca1113" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">区块链技术是指通过去中心化和去信任的方式集体维护一个可靠数据库的技术方案。</div></div></div></div></div><div id="32a161d4fce5ca0f74" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="32a161d4fce5ca0f74" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="32a161d4fce5ca0f74" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">块链式数据结构/Chained-BlockDataStructure</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="2fc161d4fce5ca0d35" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 44px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="2fc161d4fce5ca0d35" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="2fc161d4fce5ca0d35" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">一段时间内发生的事务处理以区块为单位进行存储，并以密码学算法将区块按时间先后顺序连接成链条的一种数据结构。</div></div></div></div></div><div id="50161d4fce5ca0ab7" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="50161d4fce5ca0ab7" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="50161d4fce5ca0ab7" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">去信任/Trustless</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="2c9161d4fce5ca0cc8" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 44px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="2c9161d4fce5ca0cc8" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="2c9161d4fce5ca0cc8" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">去信任表示用户不需要相信任何第三方。用户使用去信任的系统或技术处理交易时非常安全和顺畅，交易双方都可以安全地交易，而不需要依赖信任的第三方。</div></div></div></div></div><div id="1b161d4fce5ca11f10" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="1b161d4fce5ca11f10" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="1b161d4fce5ca11f10" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">点对点/Peer-to-Peer/P2P</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="11161d4fce5ca19511" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 44px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="11161d4fce5ca19511" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="11161d4fce5ca19511" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">通过允许单个节点与其他节点直接交互，无需通过中介机构，从而实现整个系统像有组织的集体一样运作的系统。</div></div></div></div></div><div id="144161d4fce5ca03513" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="144161d4fce5ca03513" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="144161d4fce5ca03513" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">去中心化/Decentralized</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="228161d4fce5ca10114" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 44px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="228161d4fce5ca10114" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="228161d4fce5ca10114" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">去中心化是区块链最基本的特征，指区块链不依赖于中心的管理节点，能够实现数据的分布式记录、存储和更新。</div></div></div></div></div><div id="2e161d4fce5ca0a716" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="2e161d4fce5ca0a716" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="2e161d4fce5ca0a716" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">中本聪/SatoshisNakamoto</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="cf161d4fce5ca0c417" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 84px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="cf161d4fce5ca0c417" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="cf161d4fce5ca0c417" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">中本聪是比特币的发明人或发明组织，目前身份存疑。“中本聪”也可能仅仅是个化名。中本聪于2008年发表了一篇名为《比特币：一种点对点式的电子现金系统》（Bitcoin:APeer-to-PeerElectronicCashSystem）的论文，描述了一种被称为“比特币”的电子货币及其算法，被视为是区块链的第一个成功实践。</div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="17c161d4fce5ca0e321" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "PingFang SC", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Microsoft Yahei", sans-serif;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="17c161d4fce5ca0e321" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="17c161d4fce5ca0e321" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">1.2区块链特性</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="215161d4fce5ca12222" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="215161d4fce5ca12222" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="215161d4fce5ca12222" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">匿名性/Anonymous</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="396161d4fce5ca0ce23" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 44px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="396161d4fce5ca0ce23" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="396161d4fce5ca0ce23" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">由于区块链各节点之间的数据交换遵循固定且预知的算法，因此区块链网络是无须信任的，可以基于地址而非个人身份进行数据交换。</div></div></div></div></div><div id="22f161d4fce5ca0d25" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="22f161d4fce5ca0d25" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="22f161d4fce5ca0d25" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">自治性/Autonomous</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="1d4161d4fce5ca0ab26" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 44px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="1d4161d4fce5ca0ab26" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="1d4161d4fce5ca0ab26" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">区块链采用基于协商一致的机制，使整个系统中的所有节点能在去信任的环境自由安全地交换数据、记录数据、更新数据，任何人为的干预都不起作用。</div></div></div></div></div><div id="1e0161d4fce5ca16b28" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="1e0161d4fce5ca16b28" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="1e0161d4fce5ca16b28" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">开放性/Openness</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="356161d4ffa79e09f1" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 44px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="356161d4ffa79e09f1" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="356161d4ffa79e09f1" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">区块链系统是开放的，任何节点都能够拥有全网的总账本，除了数据直接相关各方的私有信息通过非对称加密技术被加密外，区块链的数据对所有节点公开，因此整个系统信息高度透明。</div></div></div></div></div><div id="3be161d4ffa79f1821" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="3be161d4ffa79f1821" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="3be161d4ffa79f1821" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">可编程/Programmable</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="2fb161d4ffa79f0562" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 44px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="2fb161d4ffa79f0562" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="2fb161d4ffa79f0562" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">分布式账本的数字性质意味着区块链交易可以关联到计算逻辑，并且本质上是可编程的。因此，用户可以设置自动触发节点之间交易的算法和规则。</div></div></div></div></div><div id="3b8161d4ffa79f11c4" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="3b8161d4ffa79f11c4" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="3b8161d4ffa79f11c4" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">可追溯/Traceability</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="33f161d4ffa79f0075" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 44px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="33f161d4ffa79f0075" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="33f161d4ffa79f0075" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">区块链通过区块数据结构存储了创世区块后的所有历史数据，区块链上的任一一条数据皆可通过链式结构追溯其本源。</div></div></div></div></div><div id="1c5161d4ffa79f1027" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="1c5161d4ffa79f1027" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="1c5161d4ffa79f1027" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">不可篡改/TamperProof</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="b1161d4ffa79f0718" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 44px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="b1161d4ffa79f0718" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="b1161d4ffa79f0718" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">区块链的信息通过共识并添加至区块链后，就被所有节点共同记录，并通过密码学保证前后互相关联，篡改的难度与成本非常高。</div></div></div></div></div><div id="8c161d4ffa79f0bf10" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="8c161d4ffa79f0bf10" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="8c161d4ffa79f0bf10" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">集体维护/CollectivelyMaintain</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="3a4161d4ffa79f17711" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 44px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="3a4161d4ffa79f17711" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="3a4161d4ffa79f17711" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">区块链系统是由其中所有具有维护功能的节点共同维护，所有节点都可以通过公开的接口查询区块链数据和开发相关应用。</div></div></div></div></div><div id="f1161d4ffa79f0bd13" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="f1161d4ffa79f0bd13" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="f1161d4ffa79f0bd13" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">无需许可/Permissionless</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="381161d4ffa79f0d114" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 44px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="381161d4ffa79f0d114" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="381161d4ffa79f0d114" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">无需许可表示所有节点都可以请求将任何交易添加到区块链中，但只有在所有用户都认为合法的情况下才可进行交易。</div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="4e161d4ffa79f02116" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "PingFang SC", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Microsoft Yahei", sans-serif;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="4e161d4ffa79f02116" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="4e161d4ffa79f02116" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">1.3区块链类型</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="2af161d4ffa79f02117" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="2af161d4ffa79f02117" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="2af161d4ffa79f02117" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">根据应用范围</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="177161d4ffa79f00318" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="177161d4ffa79f00318" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="177161d4ffa79f00318" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">公有链/PublicBlockchain</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="10e161d4ffa79f16119" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 44px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="10e161d4ffa79f16119" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="10e161d4ffa79f16119" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">公有链的任何节点都是向任何人开放的，每个人都可以参与到这个区块链中的计算，而且任何人都可以下载获得完整区块链数据，即全部账本。</div></div></div></div></div><div id="2f0161d4ffa79f17f21" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="2f0161d4ffa79f17f21" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="2f0161d4ffa79f17f21" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">联盟链/ConsortiumBlockchain</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="146161d4ffa79f08d22" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 64px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="146161d4ffa79f08d22" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="146161d4ffa79f08d22" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">联盟链是指参与每个节点的权限都完全对等，各节点在不需要完全互信的情况下就可以实现数据的可信交换，联盟链的各个节点通常有与之对应的实体机构组织，通过授权后才能加入或退出网络。联盟链是一种公司与公司、组织与组织之间达成联盟的模式。</div></div></div></div></div><div id="1fd161d4ffa79f08b25" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="1fd161d4ffa79f08b25" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="1fd161d4ffa79f08b25" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">私有链/PrivateBlockchain</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="225161d4ffa79f09b26" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 64px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="225161d4ffa79f09b26" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="225161d4ffa79f09b26" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">在某些区块链的应用场景下，开发者并不希望任何人都可以参与这个系统，因此建立一种不对外公开、只有被许可的节点才可以参与并且查看所有数据的私有区块链，私有链一般适用于特定机构的内部数据管理与审计。</div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="1a6161d5009ad70961" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="1a6161d5009ad70961" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="1a6161d5009ad70961" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">根据部署机制</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="7e161d5009ad70cc2" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="7e161d5009ad70cc2" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="7e161d5009ad70cc2" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">主链/主网/Mainnet</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="329161d5009ad71023" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 44px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="329161d5009ad71023" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="329161d5009ad71023" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">通常区块链，尤其是公有链都有主网和测试网。主网是区块链社区公认的可信区块链网络，其交易信息被全体成员所认可。有效的区块在经过区块链网络的共识后会被追加到主网的区块账本中。</div></div></div></div></div><div id="2f5161d5009ad707c6" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="2f5161d5009ad707c6" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="2f5161d5009ad707c6" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">测试链/测试网/Testnet</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="37c161d5009ad715a7" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 64px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="37c161d5009ad715a7" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="37c161d5009ad715a7" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">测试链是对应主网具有相同功能，但主要目的用于测试的区块链。由于测试链是为了在不破坏主链的情况下尝试新想法而建立的，只作为测试用途，因此测试链上的测试币不具备交易价值。比特币的测试链已经历多次重置，以阻止将其测试币用作交易、投机用途的行为。</div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="297161d5009ad70ae11" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="297161d5009ad70ae11" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="297161d5009ad70ae11" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">根据对接类型</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="17e161d5009ad705412" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="17e161d5009ad705412" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="17e161d5009ad705412" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">侧链/SideChain</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="1dc161d5009ad716313" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 64px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="1dc161d5009ad716313" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="1dc161d5009ad716313" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">侧链是主链外的另一个区块链，锚定主链中的某一个节点，通过主链上的计算力来维护侧链的真实性，实现公共区块链上价值与其他账簿上价值在多个区块链间的转移。最具代表性的实现有Blockstream。这种主链和侧链协同的区块链架构中的主链有时也被称为母链（Parentchain）。</div></div></div></div></div><div id="302161d5009ad717e17" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="302161d5009ad717e17" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="302161d5009ad717e17" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">互联链/InterChains</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="80161d5009ad710f18" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 64px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="80161d5009ad710f18" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="80161d5009ad710f18" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">针对特定领域的应用可能会形成各自垂直领域的区块链，互联链就是一种通过跨链技术连接不同区块链的基础设施：包括数据结构和通信协议，其本身通常也是区块链。各种不同的区块链通过互联链互联互通并形成更大的区块链生态。与互联网一样，互联链的建立将形成区块链的全球网络。</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="188161d5009ad704522" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "PingFang SC", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Microsoft Yahei", sans-serif;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="188161d5009ad704522" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="188161d5009ad704522" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">1.4区块链层级结构</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="196161d5009ad70e23" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="196161d5009ad70e23" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="196161d5009ad70e23" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">数据层/DataLayer</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="2d161d5009ad707324" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 44px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="2d161d5009ad707324" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="2d161d5009ad707324" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">数据层主要描述区块链的物理形式，是区块链上从创世区块起始的链式结构，包含了区块链的区块数据、链式结构以及区块上的随机数、时间戳、公私钥数据等，是整个区块链技术中最底层的数据结构。</div></div></div></div></div><div id="1de161d5009ad710927" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="1de161d5009ad710927" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="1de161d5009ad710927" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">网络层/NetworkLayer</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="c2161d5009ad70fb28" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 64px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="c2161d5009ad70fb28" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="c2161d5009ad70fb28" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">网络层主要通过P2P技术实现分布式网络的机制，网络层包括P2P组网机制、数据传播机制和数据验证机制，因此区块链本质上是一个P2P的网络，具备自动组网的机制，节点之间通过维护一个共同的区块链结构来保持通信。</div></div></div></div></div><div id="f7161d501a6b817a1" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="f7161d501a6b817a1" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="f7161d501a6b817a1" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">共识层/ConsensusLayer</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="280161d501a6b80b42" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 64px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="280161d501a6b80b42" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="280161d501a6b80b42" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">共识层主要包含共识算法以及共识机制，能让高度分散的节点在去中心化的区块链网络中高效地针对区块数据的有效性达成共识，是区块链的核心技术之一，也是区块链社群的治理机制。目前至少有数十种共识机制算法，包含工作量证明、权益证明、权益授权证明、燃烧证明、重要性证明等。</div></div></div></div></div><div id="3c161d501a6b81846" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 44px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="3c161d501a6b81846" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="3c161d501a6b81846" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">数据层、网络层、共识层是构建区块链技术的必要元素，缺少任何一层都不能称之为真正意义上的区块链技术。</div></div></div><div id="e4161d501a6b80d28" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="e4161d501a6b80d28" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="e4161d501a6b80d28" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">激励层/ActuatorLayer</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="3ca161d501a6b80b99" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 64px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="3ca161d501a6b80b99" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="3ca161d501a6b80b99" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">激励层主要包括经济激励的发行制度和分配制度，其功能是提供一定的激励措施，鼓励节点参与区块链中安全验证工作，并将经济因素纳入到区块链技术体系中，激励遵守规则参与记账的节点，并惩罚不遵守规则的节点。</div></div></div></div></div><div id="356161d501a6b90221" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="356161d501a6b90221" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="356161d501a6b90221" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">合约层/ContractLayer</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="362161d501a6b914a2" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 64px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="362161d501a6b914a2" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="362161d501a6b914a2" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">合约层主要包括各种脚本、代码、算法机制及智能合约，是区块链可编程的基础。将代码嵌入区块链或是令牌中，实现可以自定义的智能合约，并在达到某个确定的约束条件的情况下，无需经由第三方就能够自动执行，是区块链去信任的基础。</div></div></div></div></div><div id="308161d501a6b91435" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="308161d501a6b91435" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="308161d501a6b91435" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">应用层/ApplicationLayer</div></div><div class="children" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); margin-left: 12px; padding-left: 16px; padding-bottom: 4px;"><div id="2d2161d501a6b91756" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 64px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="2d2161d501a6b91756" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="2d2161d501a6b91756" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">区块链的应用层封装了各种应用场景和案例，类似于电脑操作系统上的应用程序、互联网浏览器上的门户网站、搜寻引擎、电子商城或是手机端上的APP，将区块链技术应用部署在如以太坊、EOS、QTUM上并在现实生活场景中落地。未来的可编程金融和可编程社会也将会是搭建在应用层上。</div></div></div></div></div><div id="3aa161d501a6b90e610" class="node" style="position: relative; border-radius: 5px;"><div class="content-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><div class="content-hotspot" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 770px; height: 24px; cursor: default;"></div><div class="bullet-wrapper" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 3px; z-index: 2;"><div class="bullet" data-id="3aa161d501a6b90e610" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 9px; border: 6px solid transparent; background-clip: content-box; cursor: pointer; transition: none;"><div class="dot" style="border: 3px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); border-radius: 3px;"></div></div></div><div class="content" data-id="3aa161d501a6b90e610" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" style="line-height: 20px; min-height: 20px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 28px; position: relative; z-index: 1; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;">激励层、合约层和应用层不是每个区块链应用的必要因素，一些区块链应用并不完整包含此三层结构。</div></div></div></div></div>
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